The Shell
The PTSource Shell is a Unix-compatible environment that runs natively on Microsoft Windows. Its goal is to allow programs of Unix-like systems to be recompiled and run natively on Windows with minimal source code modifications by providing them with the same underlying API they would expect in those systems.
The PTSource Shell installation directory behaves like the root and follows a similar directory layout to that found in Unix-like systems, with familiar directories like /bin, /home, /etc, /usr, /var available within it, and includes by default hundreds of programs and command-line tools commonly found in the Unix world.
The PTSource Shell provides native integration of Windows-based applications, data, and other system resources with applications, software tools, and data of the Unix-like environment. Thus it is possible to launch Windows applications from the PTSource Shell environment, as well as to use PTSource Shell tools and applications within the Windows operating context.
Using the Shell
A non-quoted backslash \ is the Bash escape character. It preserves the literal value of the next character that follows, with the exception of newline. If a \newline pair appears, and the backslash itself is not quoted, the \newline is treated as a line continuation (that is, it is removed from the input stream and effectively ignored). So moving in dirs in the Shell its slightly different so if you want to walk thru dirs you shoud use / instead of \ as in *nix.
Example
cd c:\ # This is wrong and it will return c: cd c:/ # This is right and it will return c:\ cd c:\\ # This is also right and it will return c:\
Development Environment
The Shell as MinGW-w64 and Harbour already configured to build for Win32 and Win64.
Standard make commands :
- make (standard *nix make)
- ptsmake32 (Harbour make for x86)
- ptsmake64 (Harbour make for x64)
- tcc32 (TCC make for x86)
- tcc64 (TCC make for x64)
BashRC and aliases
The Shell uses a simple ini file called PTShell.ini in the PTSource directory as is RC startup it fully supports aliases and it reads by default as fallows :
alias vi='nano' alias vim='nano' alias edit='nano' alias h='history' alias mc='gmc' alias nc='gmc' alias d='dir' alias more='less' alias ls='ls --color' alias l='ls -l ' alias back='cd $OLDPWD' alias texclean='rm -f *.toc *.aux *.log *.cp *.fn *.tp *.vr *.pg *.ky' EDITOR='nano' BASH='bash' SHELL='bash' CC='gcc' TERM=vt100 HOME=C:\\PTSOURCE\\PTEditor\\home HISTFILE=C:\\PTSOURCE\\PTEditor\\home\\bash_history PATH1=C:\\PTSOURCE\\PTEditor\\bin # Builds for x86 PATH2=C:\\PTSOURCE\\PTEditor\\builder\\comp\\mingw32\\bin PATH3=C:\\PTSOURCE\\PTEditor\\builder\\comp\\harbour32\\bin # Builds for x64 #PATH2=C:\\PTSOURCE\\PTEditor\\builder\\comp\\mingw64\\bin #PATH3=C:\\PTSOURCE\\PTEditor\\builder\\comp\\harbour64\\bin PATH=$PATH1:$PATH2:$PATH3 MANPATH=C:\\PTSOURCE\\PTEditor\\man SAMPLES=C:\\PTSOURCE\\PTEditor\\samples export HOME PATH HISTSZIE HISTFILE MANPATH EDITOR SHELL TERM BASH SAMPLES CC
It can be edited to fit your needs.
Simple compilation commands examples from the Shell
- gcc -c *.c && gcc *.o -o [binary file name]
- make [clean|install]
- ptsmake32 [*.prg|*.hbc]
- ptsmake64 [*.prg|*.hbc]
Command line reference
basename - Display file namename
usage: basename string [suffix]
Display file name. If suffix is supplied and matches the suffix on the
filename, the suffix is stripped from the filename.
cat - Concatenate files
usage: cat [-usvtenqbTB] files
-q: No error reports
-u: Unbuffered output
-s: Strip multiple blank lines
-v: Print control characters as ^X
-t: Print tabs as ^T
-e: Print $ at end of line
-n: Print line number
-b: Print block number
-T: Force stdout into text mode (CR/LF translation)
-B: Force stdout into binary mode (no CR/LF translation)
chmod - Change file attributes
usage: chmod [-R] [absolute-mode | symbolic-mode | string-mode] files
-R: Recurse down directories
symbolic mode
A symbolic mode has the form
[who] op permission [op permission ...]
The who value is any combination of the following:
u Sets user permissions.
g Sets group permissions.
o Sets other permissions.
a Sets all permissions; this is the default.
Group and Other permissions are mapped to user permissions on WIN.
The op value gives the action to take:
+ Turns on a permission.
- Turns off a permission.
= Turns on the specified permissions and turns off all others.
The permission value is any combination of the following:
r Read permission.
x Execute permission.
w Write permission.
h HIDDEN attribute.
a ARCHIVE attribute.
s Setuid/Setgid bit.
t Text bit.
absolute mode
A octal value made up using by ORing the following values. Note
that some values may be invalid.
4000 HIDDEN Attribute
2000 SYSTEM Attribute
1000 ARCHIVE Attribute
0400 User read.
0200 User write
0100 User execute.
0040 Group read.
0020 Group write (mapped to user write attribute).
0010 Group execute.
0004 Other read.
0002 Other write (mapped to user write attribute).
0001 Other execute.
If the last character is a d (as in 001d), the absolute WIN
values listed below are assumed and no translation takes place.
001 - Read only
002 - Hidden
004 - system
040 - Archived
string mode
A string matching the output long form for the mode from ls is
required (rxw------, for example).
cmp - Compare two files
usage: cmp [-ls] file1 file2
-l: Report all differences
-s: Silent mode. exit code of 1 if there are differences
comm - select or reject lines common to two sorted files
usage: comm [-[123]] file1 file2
-1: Reject column 1
-2: Reject column 2
-3: Reject column 3
cp - Copy files.
usage: cp [-ipfCrRvn] f1 f2
cp [-ipfCrRvn] f1 ... fn d1
cp [-ipfCrRvn] d1 d2
-i: Ask before copying
-r: Recurse down directories, copying tree to new location
-R: Recurse down directories, copying tree to new location
-v: verbose
-n: show me what you're going to do, without doing it.
-p: preserve access times
-C: Convert sources files from WIN format to UNIX format
-f: Force removal of destination files
csplit - Context or line file splitter
usage: csplit [-s] [-k] [-nnumber] [-f prefix] file args ...
-s: Suppress printing of character counts
-k: Do not delete created files on error
-f prefix Prefix for created files (default: xx)
-n number Maximum number of files to create (default 99)
cut - Cut data out of a file
usage: cut [ -f{args} [-s] [-d separator ] ] | [ -c{args} ] [filename [...]]
-f{args}: Comma separated list of fields to extract
-d separator: Field separator (default tab)
-s: Skip lines with no fields
-c{args}: Comma separater list of columns to extract
date - Display / change date and time
usage: date [-q] [+format] [[MMDDYY]hhmm[ss]]
-q:
+format: Display date/time using specified format string
If a new date/time is supplied (last parameter), the system date and
time is updated.
The format string is constructed as for the library function strftime
(cf printf). The following format specifiers are supported:
a Short day name
A Full day name
b Short month name
B Full month name
c Date and Time (%x %X)
d Day of month, 2 digits
D Long date (%d/%m/%y)
E Era name and year
F Full month name
h Short month name
H 24 Hour, 2 digits
I 12 Hour, 2 digits
j Day of year, 3 digits
m Month number, 2 digits
M Minute number, 2 digits
n Newline character
o Era year (from 0)
N Era name (AD)
p AM/PM
r 12 hour Time (%I:%M:%S %p)
S Second number, 2 digits
t Tab character
T 24 Hour Time (%H:%M:%S)
U Sunday Week of year, 2 digits
w Weekday number, 2 digits
W Monday Week of year, 2 digits
x Short date (%d/%m)
X Short Time (%I:%M)
y Year number, 2 digits
Y Year number, 4 digits
Z Time zone
z Time zone
Field justification and precision can be specified in a similar
manner to that in printf using digits, . and -. Any specified
field width/precision overrides the default.
% Format symbol
. Precision
- Left Justified
number Before a precision, the field width. After a precision,
the field precision. Thus %6.5I for 1400 hours gives
' 00014'.
dd - Data copy
usage: dd [ ibs=numeric ] [ obs=numeric ] [ cbs=numeric ] [ bs=numeric ]
[ if=filename ] [ of=filename ] [ skip=numeric ] [ seek=numeric ]
[ count=numeric ] [ files=numeric ]
[ conv=[lcase,ucase,noerror,sync,swab,ascii,ebcdic,ibm] ]
ibs Input block size
obs Output Block size
cbs Conversion block size
bs Block size
if Input filename (default: stdin)
of Output filename (default: stdout)
skip Number of input records to skip
seek Number of output records to seek over
count Number of records to transfer
files Number of files to process
conv Convert data to
lcase - lower case
ucase - upper cas
noerror - ignore errors
sync -
swab - Swap bytes
ascii - ASCII
ebcdic - EBCDIC
ibm - IBM EBCDIC
df - Display Disk Free space
usage: df [ -bit] drives
-b: Display in BSD format (kbytes)
-i: Display cluster information
-t: Display totals
-c: Display drive information
diff - Display differences between two text files.
usage: diff [ -bceinT ] [ -o output file ] file1 file2
-b Remove trailing whitespace (blanks and tabs) and compress all
other strings of whitespace to a single blank.
-c Print some context -- matching lines before and after the
non-match section. Mark non-matched sections with "|".
-e Output is in an "editor script" format which is compatible
with the Unix 'ed' editor.
-i Ignore lower/upper case distinctions.
-n Output is in an RCS style format for use with RCS tools.
-o outfile Place output in file "outfile" rather than on stdout.
-T Print timings
dirname - Extract directory name from filename
usage: dirname filename
du - Display disk usage
usage: du [-arsk] [startdir]
-a: Display all entries instead of just directory entries
-r: Report errors
-s: Only display top level values
-k: Display Kilobyte usage as well
expr - evaluate arguments as expression
usage: expr expression..
The supported operators are |, &, =, >, >=, <, <=, !=, +, -, *, /, %
and : and ().
fgrep - Search file for string
usage: fgrep [-vxcilnbs] [-e string] [-f file] [string] [files..]
-x: Report only lines which exactly match the string.
-v: All lines but those matching are printed.
-c: Only a count of matching lines is printed.
-i: Ignore upper/lower case distinction during comparisons.
-l: Only the names of files with matching lines are listed (once),
separated by new-lines.
-n: Each line is preceded by its relative line number in the file.
-b: Each line is preceded by the block number on which it was found.
This is sometimes useful in locating disk block numbers by
context.
-s: The error messages produced for nonexistent or unreadable files
are suppressed.
-e expression
Same as a simple expression argument, but useful when the
expression begins with a -.
-f file The regular expression list is taken from the file.
find - Search directory tree for files matching requirements
usage: find path-list predicate-list
Predicate list: [ -name filename ] [ -perm permissions ]
[ -type [bcdfpnlsM] ] [ -links number ]
[ -user username ] [ -group groupname ]
[ -size number[bkc] [ -inum inode ]
[ -[acm]time days.HHMMSS ]
[ -[exec | ok ] command string ; ]
[ -newer[acm][acm] file ] [ -path path ]
[ -depth ] [ -print ] [ -mountstop ]
[ -prune ] [ -only ] [ -follow ]
[ -msdos ] [ -pmask permissions mask ]
[ -cpio|ncpio device ] [ -ls ] [ -icase ]
[ -nogroup ] [ -nouser ] [ -xdev ]
[ -chop depth ]
Operator list: [ -a -o ( ) ! ]
Predicates
-name filename: Match this file name. Shell wild
cards can be used.
-perm permissions Match Permissions
-type [bcdfpnlsM] Match only files of specified type
-links number Match number of links
-user username Match owner
-group groupname Match group
-size number[bkc] Match file size
-inum inode Match inode number
-[acm]time days.HHMMSS Match create/access modification time
-[exec | ok] command string ;
Execute command string
-newer[acm][acm] file Compare create/access/modification
time with reference file
-path path Match full path using wild cards
-depth Depth first search
-print Print a match
-mountstop Do not cross mount points
-prune Prune directories (same as -chop 1)
-chop depth Chop directory tree at depth
-only Only follow directories
-follow Follow symbolic links
-msdos Output WIN format names
-pmask permissions mask Test file permissions to see if a
any of permissions mask is set.
-cpio | ncpio device Write file to stdout in CPIO format
-ls Print file information in ls format
-icase Ignore case on name match
-nogroup Match if file's group name does not
exist
-nouser Match if file's owner name does not
exist
-xdev Do not go cross mount points
Predicates can be joined using the following operators
-a And
-o Or
! Not
( Start subexpression
) End subexpression
fold - Fold long lines to stdout
usage: fold -width files..
-width Maximum line length (default 80)
grep - Search file for pattern
usage: grep [-vcilnbs] [-e string] [-f file] [string] [files..]
-v: All lines but those matching are printed.
-c: Only a count of matching lines is printed.
-i: Ignore upper/lower case distinction during comparisons.
-l: Only the names of files with matching lines are listed (once),
separated by new-lines.
-n: Each line is preceded by its relative line number in the file.
-b: Each line is preceded by the block number on which it was found.
This is sometimes useful in locating disk block numbers by
context.
-s: The error messages produced for nonexistent or unreadable files
are suppressed.
-e expression
Same as a simple expression argument, but useful when the
expression begins with a -.
-f file The regular expression list is taken from the file.
head - display file headers
usage: head [-n] [file ...]
-n: Number of lines to display (n is a number)
ls - List directory
Note: Not all the options are meaning full.
usage: ls [-xutsrpqonmligfdcbaACFRS1] [file list]
-A: List all files
-F: Append file type to filename (/ directory, * executable)
-C: Use column output
-R: Recurse down directory tree
-S: Sort on size
-1: Output as a single column
-x: Output as multiple columns
-u: Display access times, not modification times
-t: Sort on time
-s: Display number of blocks
-r: Reverse sort order
-p: Append / to directories
-q: Display non-printing characters as ?
-o: Display file owner
-n: Display owner/group as numeric ids
-m: Display in columns using , as the separator
-l: Long format
-i: Display inode
-g: Display file group
-f: Assume the file is a directory
-d: Do not recurse down a directory
-c: Display creation times, not modification times
-b: Display non-printing characters as \value
-a: Suppress files beginning with a dot
m4 - M4 Macro processor
usage: m4 [-es] [-Tsize] [-Bsize] [-Ssize] [-Hsize] [-Dname[=val]] [-Uname] [files..]
-e: Operate interactively
-s: Enable line sync output
-T size: Set token buffer size to size.
-B size: Set argument buffer size to size.
-S size: Set call stack size to size.
-H size: Set hash table size to size.
-D name=.. Define name value
-U name Undefine name
make - Makefile processor (supports swapping a la shell)
usage: make [-f makefile] [-inpqrst] [macro=val ...] [target(s) ...]
-f name: Makefile name (default makefile)
-i: Ignore exit status
-n: Pretend to make
-p: Print all macros & targets
-q: Question up-to-dateness of target. Return exit status 1 if not
-r: Don't not use inbuilt rules
-s: Make silently
-t: Touch files instead of making them
-d: Debug
-e: Override with environment variables
-k: Skip tree
Note: Make sure the rulefile is installed in the same directory as
make.exe.
mkdir - Make path
usage: mkdir -p directory
-p: Make intermediate directories in path
mv - Move files.
usage: mv [-ipfrRvn] f1 f2
mv [-ipfrRvn] f1 ... fn d1
mv [-ipfrRvn] d1 d2
-i: Ask before copying
-r: Recurse down directories, copying tree to new location
-R: Recurse down directories, copying tree to new location
-v: Verbose
-n: Show me what you're going to do, without doing it.
-p: Preserve access times
-f: Force removal of destination files
od - octal dump
usage: od [-bcdhox] [file] [ [+] offset [.] [b] ]
-b: Display bytes in octal
-c: Display bytes as characters
-d: Display bytes in decimal
-h: Display bytes in hexadecimal
-o: Display words in octal
-x: Display words in hexadecimal
offset Start offset (in octal) in file
(b - offset is in blocks)
(. interprete offset in decimal)
printenv - Print environment to stdout
usage: printenv
rm - Remove files
usage: rm [ -fir ] file...
-f: Force removal
-i: Ask user first
-r: Recurse down directories (beware the dread rm -rf /*).
rmdir - Remove directories
usage: rmdir [ -p ] path..
-p: Remove all directories on path
sleep - Wait for n seconds
usage: sleep seconds
sort - Sort files
usage: sort [ -cmu ] [ -t separator] [ -y record size] [ -z memory size ]
[-o output file] [ -T directory ] [ -bdfinrM ]
[[+StartField.Offset[bdfinrM] [-EndField.Offset]] [file] ...
If any of the following flags can be applied globally or to a particular
field (appended to the startfield address):
-b: Skip leading blanks
-d: Sort to dictionary order. Only letters, digits, comma's and points
are compared.
-f: Fold upper case to lower.
-i: Ignore chars outside ASCII range (040 - 0176)
-n: Sort to numeric value (optional decimal point) implies -b
-r: Reverse the sense of comparisons.
-M: Month order
I/O control flags are:
-u: Print uniq lines only once.
-c: Check if files are sorted in order.
-m: Merge already sorted files.
-o outfile: Name of output file. (Can be one of the input files). Default
is stdout.
-: Take stdin as input.
Fields:
-t'x': Field separating character is 'x'
+a.b: Start comparing at field 'a' with offset 'b'. A missing 'b' is
taken to be 0.
-a.b: Stop comparing at field 'a' with offset 'b'. A missing 'b' is
taken to be 0. A missing -a.b means the rest of the line.
split - Split file into n line parts
usage: split [-n] [file [name]].
-number: Part size in lines (default: 1000)
file: The file to split
name: The prefix for the parts (default: x).
strings - Display the strings in files
usage: strings -aopc -min_length files...
-a: No used
-o: Output offset of string
-p: Output filename for string
-c: No used
-min_length The minimum string length
tail - Print tail of file
usage: tail [+/-[number][lcbf]] [file]
+/-number Number of lines (l, default), characters (c), blocks (b) to
print from the end (-) or start (+) of the file.
-f Wait 1 second at EOF and try reading again.
tee - Pipe fit a pipeline. Copy stdin to one or more files and standard
output.
usage: tee [-i] [-a] [files].
-i: Interrupt turned off.
-a: Append to outputfile(s), instead of overwriting them.
touch - Change a file's timestamp or size
usage: touch [-amc] [-s newsize] [-t mmddhhmm[CC]yy.ss] [-f ref_file] file...
-a: Change the access time
-m: Change the modification time
-c: Change the create time
-s newsize: Change the file size to newsize
-t time: Use this as the timestamp
-f ref_file: Use the reference file (ref_file) for the timestamps.
tr - Translate characters
usage: tr [-cds] string1 string2
-c: Take complement of string1
-d: Delete input characters coded string1
-s: Squeeze multiple output characters of string2 into one character
uniq - Display unique lines
usage: uniq [-udc] [+n] [-n] [input [output]]
wc - Count number of words in file
usage: wc [-lwc] [name ...]
-l: Display only the line count
-w: Display only the word count
-c: Display only the character count
which - Display the directory containing a command from the PATH
usage: which [-i] [-a] [--] [<command>]
-i: Read commands from stdin
-a: Display all commands found on the PATH